Genesis 34:1-7

I.                The Violation of Dinah (v. 1-5)

A.     Genesis 34:1 – And Dinah the daughter of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.

1.      Dinah - דינה Diynah, “judgment”

2.      Dinah is the only daughter mentioned.  There may have been other daughters, but the mention of Dinah’s name could be a result of the significance of the following event.

3.      Dinah was about 15 or 16 years old

4.      It seems as though she went out to “see the daughters of the land” unescorted.  This would indicate that she may have indeed been the only daughter or at least the only daughter of this age. 

a)      Jasher indicates that Rachel and Leah went as well

5.      This also could indicate some teenage rebellion, in that Dinah wanted to “run with the herd” against the counsel of her parents

a)      Its good for children to remain under the watchful eye of their parents as long as possible

b)     Young people are so naïve, yet “wise in their own eyes”

§        Isaiah 5:21 - Woe unto [them that are] wise in their own eyes, and prudent in their own sight!

§        The pride of youthful indiscretion leads to snares that can ruin a life

B.     Genesis 34:2 - And when Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, prince of the country, saw her, he took her, and lay with her, and defiled her.

1.      Shechem - שכם Shĕkem, "back" or "shoulder"

2.      Hamor - חמור Chamowr, "he-ass"

3.      Hivite - חוי Chivviy – “villagers”; 6th generation of descendants of Canaan, the son of Ham, who were living in northern Canaan near Mount Hermon at the time of the conquest

4.      There appears to be no indication of consent nor resistance on the part of Dinah

a)      She was in the wrong place at the wrong time and the situation engulfed her.

b)     Likewise, our culture devours the young people and robs them of their innocence before they have a chance to mature and understand the tactics of the enemy

c)      It is important for parents and those who have been given authority over our children to prepare them for these attacks and instruct them on how to avoid these situations.

5.      Shechem demonstrated a sense of entitlement, he was prince he could have whatever or whomever he wished.

a)      Just like the enemy, wishes to exert power and control over others

6.      4 Steps to sin, each progressively worse than the previous, same song, same dance, Satan employs these three little tactics used in the garden against Eve.

a)      Shechem

§        Saw her – Lust of the eyes

§        Took her – Pride of Life

§        Lay with her – Lust of the Flesh

§        Defiled her – Pride of Life

b)     Eve (Genesis 3:6)

§        Tree was good for food - Lust of the flesh

§        Pleasant to the eyes - Lust of the eyes

§        Desired to make one wise - Pride of life

c)      1 John 2:16 – For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world.

7.      What does defiled mean here in Genesis 34:2?

a)      ענה `anah – a verb meaning to humble, put down, oppress, afflict, dishonor, humiliate from the root word meaning to answer

b)     Possibly refers to holding her against her will or exerting power over her

C.     Genesis 34:3 - And his soul clave unto Dinah the daughter of Jacob, and he loved the damsel, and spake kindly unto the damsel.

1.      How some things never change, indiscretion leads to sin, leads to death

2.      Compare Shechem and Dinah to Jacob and Rachel.

a)      Jacob à honorable, showed respect for Rachel and her father

§        Honorable

§        Respected the dignity of Rachel

§        Showed reverence for Rachel’s father Laban

§        Patiently worked for the privilege to marry Rachel

§        Sought to honor his father and mother by marrying his own people

§        Waited for God’s timing on who to marry

b)     Shechem à dishonorable, showed disrespect to Dinah and her father

§        Dishonorable

§        Disrespected Dinah

§        Showed irreverence to Jacob

§        Impatiently took what his flesh desired

§        Brought a difficult circumstance on the house of his father

§        Timing was a response to fleshly desire

D.    Genesis 34:4 - And Shechem spake unto his father Hamor, saying, Get me this damsel to wife.

1.      Sounds like a child wanting a toy…

a)      Get me this, get me that, etc…

b)     Treating Dinah as property rather than his future wife

2.      Shechem appears to be attempting to correct his past mistakes

E.     Genesis 34:5 - And Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter: now his sons were with his cattle in the field: and Jacob held his peace until they were come.

1.      Defiled - טמא tame', to be unclean, become unclean, become impure

a)      Different word than defiled used in verse 2

2.      How did Jacob hear of this news? Was this a public spectacle? Who would have known of this other than Dinah herself? Possibly Leah or Rachel if the Jasher account is accurate

3.      Jacob shows great restraint, remember he is ~104 years old

4.      Jasher 33:12-15 – And they came and told the thing unto Jacob, and when Jacob heard that Shechem had defiled his daughter Dinah, Jacob sent twelve of his servants to fetch Dinah from the house of Shechem, and they went and came to the house of Shechem to take away Dinah from there.  And when they came Shechem went out to them with his men and drove them from his house, and he would not suffer them to come before Dinah, but Shechem was sitting with Dinah kissing and embracing her before their eyes.  And the servants of Jacob came back and told him, saying, when we came, he and his men drove us away, and thus did Shechem do unto Dinah before our eyes.  And Jacob knew moreover that Shechem had defiled his daughter, but he said nothing, and his sons were feeding his cattle in the field, and Jacob remained silent until their return.

a)      Jasher provides a much more provocative account of the ordeal in that he mocked Jacobs servants who came to rescue Dinah.

b)     The actions taken by Shechem after the incident did as much to stoke the flames of anger as the incident itself.

II.              Request and Agreement to the Terms of Marriage (v. 6-18)

A.     Genesis 34:6 - And Hamor the father of Shechem went out unto Jacob to commune with him.

1.      Parents paying the price for the foolishness of their children

2.      Shechem does not offer any repentance for what he had done, but sends his father to negotiate with Jacob.  This demonstrates his tremendous arrogance and sense of entitlement.

3.      Hamor, meaning “he-ass”, bears the burden of informing Jacob of the events that transpired between his son and Dinah, his name is fitting as an ass is a beast of burden, Hamor carries the burden of his sons indiscretion.

B.     Genesis 34:7 - And the sons of Jacob came out of the field when they heard [it]: and the men were grieved, and they were very wroth, because he had wrought folly in Israel in lying with Jacob's daughter; which thing ought not to be done.

1.      What were they doing in the field? Working, what they should have been doing (why wasn’t Dinah working?)

2.      How did they hear it if they were in the field working?  Who came and told them?

3.      Why are they interfering in matters reserved for their father?

a)      Remember Laban, Rebekah’s brother had a prominent role in deciding whether to allow Abraham’s servant take her or not.  This could have been a cultural norm for the sons of the household to be involved in these types of decisions.

b)     Reuben was about 6 years older than Dinah so the ages of the brothers ranged from 15-22 years old (Benjamin was not born yet)

4.      2 Samuel 13:12 - And she answered him, Nay, my brother, do not force me; for no such thing ought to be done in Israel: do not thou this folly.

a)      Folly -  נבלה nĕbalah, senselessness, disgraceful, immorality, disgrace

b)     A similar offense was when David’s son Ammon raped his sister Tamar it is referred to as the same thing…folly

5.      Jasher 33:20-21 – And the men were very much grieved concerning their sister, and they all came home fired with anger, before the time of gathering in their cattle.  And they came and sat before their father and they spoke unto him kindled with wrath, saying, surely death is due to this man and to his household, because the Lord God of the whole earth commanded Noah and his children that man shall never rob, nor commit adultery; now behold Shechem has both ravaged and committed fornication with our sister, and not one of all the people of the city spoke a word to him.

a)      The anger and need for justice to be done against Shechem is a unifying force among the sons of Israel.

b)     Their statement here lays the groundwork of justification for the following actions.

Genesis 29:29-30:13

L.     Genesis 29:29 – And Laban gave to Rachel his daughter Bilhah his handmaid to be her maid.

§        Bilhah - בלהה Bilhah, "troubled"

M.     Genesis 29:30 – And he went in also unto Rachel, and he loved also Rachel more than Leah, and served with him yet seven other years.

§        Imagine Leah, here she is married to a man who wanted her sister and the only reason he’s married to her is due in part to her deception.  Her self-confidence had to be rather low.

§        Here we can see he was given Rachel and then he worked the seven years, he didn’t have to work the seven years first.

N.     Genesis 29:31 – And when the LORD saw that Leah [was] hated, he opened her womb: but Rachel [was] barren.

§        God looks upon our circumstances and accommodates in unusual ways

§        Hated – loved less

§        We can see here the problems with polygamy.  We find Leah unloved and hoping to win the affection of her husband with the delivery of each new son

§        Rachel who is loved by her husband is jealous of the fact that her sister can have children,

§        No one seems happy and this is all due to Laban’s deceit

O.    Genesis 29:32 – And Leah conceived, and bare a son, and she called his name Reuben: for she said, Surely the LORD hath looked upon my affliction; now therefore my husband will love me.

§        LORD - יהוה Yĕhovah, Leah invokes the covenant name for each of her sons, and Rachel invokes it for Joseph

§        Reuben - ראובן Rĕ'uwben, "behold a son"

§        Apparent from Leah’s statement theat the Lord has looked upon her “affliction” that she is living in misery

P.     Genesis 29:33 – And she conceived again, and bare a son; and said, Because the LORD hath heard that I [was] hated, he hath therefore given me this [son] also: and she called his name Simeon.

§        LORD - יהוה Yĕhovah

§        Simeon - שמעון Shim`own, "heard"

§        Another son, another statement of anguish; however, even though Jacob may not love her as much as Rachel, he is apparently spending some time with her.  More evidence that a marriage should be according to God’s perfect Will between one man and one woman.

Q.     Genesis 29:34 – And she conceived again, and bare a son; and said, Now this time will my husband be joined unto me, because I have born him three sons: therefore was his name called Levi.

§        LORD - יהוה Yĕhovah

§        Levi – לוי Leviy, "joined to"

§        Leah cannot be blamed for wanting to be joined to her husband exclusively, however, she does not seem to consider the circumstances surrounding her predicament.  Jacob loved Rachel from the start, its not like he ever loved Leah she usurped her sisters rightful place and now she laments her situation.

R.    Genesis 29:35 – And she conceived again, and bare a son: and she said, Now will I praise the LORD: therefore she called his name Judah; and left bearing.

§        LORD - יהוה Yĕhovah

§       Judah – יהודה Yĕhuwdah, "praised"

§       Leah finally surrenders to God, rather than making a negative statement about her personal relationship with her husband, she has grown to a point where she is fully dependent upon God.  She therefore makes a positive statement, praising the Lord and naming her son “the Lord be praised”.

 

Chapter 30

I.               Jacob’s Family is Growing (Genesis 30:1-25)

A.     Genesis 30:1 – And when Rachel saw that she bare Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister; and said unto Jacob, Give me children, or else I die.

§        Rachel lashes out and blames Jacob for something that he clearly has no control over.  Rather than seek God to grant her children, she blames and hurts the one that loves her the most.

§        What motivates these feelings within Rachel? Envy of her sister.  Not necessarily her inability to have children as much as it is her sister’s ability too have children.  Even though she has something her sister doesn’t have (Jacob’s love) she is not content with that.  Is it wrong for her to want children of her own? Of course not, but that does not seem to be the motivating factor.

o       Isaiah 54:1 - Sing, O barren, thou [that] didst not bear; break forth into singing, and cry aloud, thou [that] didst not travail with child: for more [are] the children of the desolate than the children of the married wife, saith the LORD.

§        Other women who are barren that end up having prominent children include:

o       Sarah – Genesis 11:30

o       Rebekah – Genesis 25:21

o       Manoah’s wife (Samson’s mother) – Judges 13:2

o       Elizabeth Luke 1:7

o       Hannah – 1 Samuel Chapter 1

-        Hannah’s situation is very similar to that of Rachel, yet Hannah behaves entirely different.

-        Compare/Contrast Hannah with Rachel

RACHEL	HANNAH
One of two wives, the other was fruitful she was barren	One of two wives, the other was fruitful she was barren
Was preferred by her husband	Was preferred by her husband
Provoked by the other wife	Provoked by the other wife
Envious of her sister’s ability to birth children	Wept and fasted to have children
Went to her husband with a sense of entitlement	Prayed to the Lord in humility (“poured out my soul before the Lord”)
Wanted Children	Wanted a Child
Demanding	Submissive
Wants the child as a power piece	Wants to give the child to the Lord
Wanted children more than her husband’s love, to the extent that she gave him to another woman	Was comforted by her husband when he said “am I not better to thee than ten sons?”
Named her firstborn son Joseph meaning the Lord has taken away my reproach and shall add to me another.  This is an indication that she needed a child to validate her and is already looking forward to the next child and not exhibiting thanksgiving for the one she just gave birth to.	Named her firstborn son Samuel meaning “asked of God” acknowledging that he was the son she had asked for and God granted her request.
	These are Hannah’s words after she gave up Samuel to the service of the Lord: “My heart rejoiceth in the Lord, Mine horn is exalted in the Lord: My mouth is enlarged over mine enemies; Because I rejoice in Thy salvation.  There is none holy as the Lord: For there is none beside Thee: Neither is there any rock like our God…”
Rachel gave her handmaid to Jacob a second time producing Naphtali, and eventually had two sons of her own in Joseph and Benjamin	Hannah gave birth to three more sons and two daughters

§        2 Peter 1:8 - For if these things be in you, and abound, they make [you that ye shall] neither [be] barren nor unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ.

B.     Genesis 30:2 – And Jacob's anger was kindled against Rachel: and he said, [Am] I in God's stead, who hath withheld from thee the fruit of the womb?

§        One thing leads to another, Rachel hurts Jacob with her accusations, Jacob gets angry and lashes back.  Even though what he said was truthful, it was probably not the right to say this to her out of anger.

o       Deuteronomy 7:14 - Thou shalt be blessed above all people: there shall not be male or female barren among you, or among your cattle.

§        What did Rachel expect Jacob to do? Maybe she could have simply asked Jacob to pray that God would give her children, but instead we see what comes next seems to transpire out of sibling rivalry competing for the same husband.

o       Psalm 127:3 - Lo, children [are] an heritage of the LORD: [and] the fruit of the womb [is his] reward.

C.     Genesis 30:3 – And she said, Behold my maid Bilhah, go in unto her; and she shall bear upon my knees, that I may also have children by her.

§        Rachel appears hurt and desperate, rather than trust God she follows the example of Sarah, giving her hand maid to her husband

§        She would rather have children that were not hers biologically than to feel somehow beneath her sister.

o       Her sisters sons would have been her nephews, but rather than demonstrate her love for them she wanted her own to use as power pieces in her struggle with her sister.

o       This was in accordance with the code of Hammurabi:

§145- If a man takes a wife, and she bears him no children, and he intends to take another wife: if he take this second wife, and bring her into the house, this second wife shall not be allowed equality with his wife.

§146- If a man take a wife and she give this man a maid-servant as wife and she bear him children, and then this maid assume equality with the wife: because she has borne him children her master shall not sell her for money, but he may keep her as a slave, reckoning her among the maid-servants.

D.    Genesis 30:4 – And she gave him Bilhah her handmaid to wife: and Jacob went in unto her.

§        Wife – אשה 'ishshah, woman, wife, female

E.     Genesis 30:5 – And Bilhah conceived, and bare Jacob a son.

F.     Genesis 30:6 – And Rachel said, God hath judged me, and hath also heard my voice, and hath given me a son: therefore called she his name Dan.

§        Note that Rachel names the son even though it is Bilhah’s.  This clearly shows that even though Bilhah was given to Jacob for a “wife” she did not rise to the level of Rachel or Leah.  (See Code of Hammurabi §145 above)

§        God - אלהים 'elohiym

§        Dan - דן Dan, "a judge"

o       “God hath judged me” à “God has given sentence in my favor”

G.    Genesis 30:7 – And Bilhah Rachel's maid conceived again, and bare Jacob a second son.

§        Conceived - הרה harah, to conceive, become pregnant, bear, be with child, be conceived, progenitor

o       Conceived again would indicate two separate pregnancies and therefore two separate intimate moments with Jacob.  We see from this that Rachel was willing to trade her husband’s affections for children that were not even her own.

§        So even though Rachel already had one son by way of Bilhah, that didn’t satisfy her envious thirst for equality with her sister.

§        No complaints from Jacob

H.    Genesis 30:8 – And Rachel said, with great wrestlings have I wrestled with my sister, and I have prevailed: and she called his name Naphtali.

§        No mention of God

§        Naphtali - נפתלי Naphtaliy, "wrestling"

o       What a contentious home, Rachel is sowing seeds of strife in her children because of her jealousy of Leah

I.       Genesis 30:9 – When Leah saw that she had left bearing, she took Zilpah her maid, and gave her Jacob to wife.

§        Leah, who had already bare Jacob 4 sons is now driven by her rivalry with Rachel to hand over her handmaid to Jacob. 

§        This is an irrational decision by Leah, she has four sons of her own and for the sole purpose of competing with her sister she turns her handmaid over to Jacob.

o       This actually seems to run counter to the intent of Hammurabi’s code in that a wife would normally turn her handmaid over to her husband unless she is barren, clearly Leah is not barren.

§        Still no complaints from Jacob

J.      Genesis 30:10 – And Zilpah Leah's maid bare Jacob a son.

K.    Genesis 30:11 – And Leah said, A troop cometh: and she called his name Gad.

§        Gad - גד Gad, "troop"

L.     Genesis 30:12 – And Zilpah Leah's maid bare Jacob a second son.

§        Leah, who has been competing for Jacob’s affections makes her task even more difficult by bringing another woman into the marriage.

§        These decisions are not rational, and are motivated by sin, but God shows that He is able to bring good out of evil

§        Jacob has been a real sport throughout all of this ordeal, never once complaining about all of these demands that his wives have put on him.

§        Note that it doesn’t say she conceived again only that she bare him a second son, this may indicate that Gad and Asher were twins.

M.   Genesis 30:13 – And Leah said, Happy am I, for the daughters will call me blessed: and she called his name Asher.

§        Asher - אשר 'Asher, "happy"

§        Why is she suddenly happy? She says because the daughters will call her blessed.  Wasn’t she already blessed with her own children, why does it take a son from the bondwoman to make her happy?  Is her happiness rooted in maintaining an advantage over her sister?